Protective relay
is a device that detects the fault and initiates the operation of the circuit breaker to isolate the defective element from the rest of the system.
The relays detect the abnormal conditions in the electrical circuits by constantly measuring the electrical quantities which are different under normal and fault conditions.
The electrical parameters which may change under fault conditions are
·
voltage,
·
current,
·
frequency
·
phase angle.
Through the changes in one or more of these quantities, the faults signal their presence, type and location to the protective relays. Having detected the fault, the relay operates to close the trip circuit of the breaker
This results in the opening of the breaker and disconnection of the faulty circuit.
The relay circuit connections can be divided into three parts viz.
(i) First part is the primary winding of a current transformer
(C.T.) which is connected in series with the line to be protected.
(ii) Second part consists of secondary winding of C.T. and
the relay operating coil.
(iii) Third part is the tripping circuit which may be either a.c.
or d.c. It consists of a source of supply, the trip coil of the circuit
breaker and the relay stationary contacts
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